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One reason is that many recorded accounts and images of the event are so shocking that contemporary audiences cannot endure to hear or to see them, which means that the effects of the bomb and the reality of Hiroshima's ‘Interminable Hell’ may soon become a faint memory. When I discovered that some of my elderly aunt's classmates from her Japanese Red Cross Nurse Training School were sent to Hiroshima following the bombing in 1945, I felt compelled to record their perspectives on the disaster. Some people have asked me why I am doing this study now. In this sixtieth anniversary year of the detonation of the atomic bomb I revisited this terrible period in world history through the experiences of 15 retired war relief nurses who were eyewitnesses to the consequences of an act of war. It is how people in Japan came to describe the experience of Hiroshima when the world's first atomic bomb was dropped on the city on 6 August 1945. This punishment is ‘Interminable Hell’, the ‘Avici Hell’. Imagine then, a journey where the traveller falls for 2000 years into ‘a prison of incandescent iron’, through gates that open and close to frustrate the traveller's journey, where the temperature gets hotter and hotter, where people are boiled in iron kettles of molten bronze, and where interminable sufferings follow without interruption to afflict the traveller. In these hells, one endures punishment for one's actions in life. Later, I learned that ‘Avici Hell’, also known as ‘Interminable Hell’, is one of seven hells that exist according to Buddhist teaching. I had no idea where this place was or what this threat of punishment meant, but I knew that it was something to avoid at all costs.
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When I was growing up in Japan during the 1960s, the elders of my family would tell me that if I misbehaved I would be sent to a place called ‘Avici Hell’ where I would be punished.